Smart Switch Installation in Europe: do you have Neutral line?

With the popularization of smart home technology, more and more home users are starting to use smart switches. However, in the European market, the differences in electrical wiring structures among different countries often become a technical barrier for the installation of smart products. I will explain to you how to distinguish neutral wires and choose the appropriate light switch for yourself.

1. Types of switch wiring

In the European region, switch wiring is mainly divided into neutral wire system (live wire+neutral wire+light wire) and single live wire system (live wire+light wire), and the main difference between the two is whether they have a neutral wire.

1.1 No Neutral Wire system:

Commonly seen in old houses (especially built before the 1970s), the switch box only has one "live wire" (L) and light wire (L1) inside; Without a neutral wire (N), many smart switches or products that require a neutral wire cannot be directly installed; Suitable for smart switches (without neutral wire) or traditional mechanical switches that support "single live wire" design. When using smart products, adapters are usually required to avoid flashing lights. Commonly found in France, the UK, and some old buildings.

1.2 Live+Neutral system:

Commonly seen in new buildings or modern renovated circuits; There is a live wire (L), neutral wire (N), and light wire (L1) inside the switch box; Can install most smart switches (especially WiFi/Zigbee/relay products); Providing stable power supply is beneficial for the long-term operation of intelligent control modules. Applicable to: Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Belgium and other countries

2. How to identify live and neutral wires?

Live/L is usually brown, black, or red; Neutral/N is usually blue; The ground wire (Earth/E) is generally yellow green dual color; Using an electric pen or multimeter for testing is the most reliable way; Before installation, be sure to cut off the power and have a professional electrician operate it.Do not forcefully install N-wire products without a neutral wire structure to avoid damaging switches or causing hidden dangers

3. How to distinguish between neutral and live wire switches?

Smart switches generally have neutral wire versions (with neutral wire), single live wire versions (without neutral wire), and neutral live wire versions (with or without neutral wire). Neutral wire switches usually have N plughole, while single wire switches generally do not. When purchasing, it is important to distinguish between the two versions, and you can also check the seller's details page and specifications

4. How to install a single live wire smart switch?

For single live wire switches, some lighting fixtures may flicker and generally require an adapter to be installed on the light. Connect the live wire and light wire, and install the panel according to the instructions.
The wiring diagram of the intelligent switch is as follows:

5.How to install the product correctly

Switch products are generally composed of insert switches and panels. After wiring is completed, they need to be fixed on the wall box and installed by covering the panel. The specific steps can refer to the following figure:

The wiring instructions and product images shown in this guide are for reference only. Actual installation procedures may vary depending on the brand, model, and product specifications. Always refer to the user manual provided with your specific product for accurate instructions.

This guide is intended for users with basic electrical knowledge. If you are not experienced in electrical work, please consult a licensed electrician to ensure safe and proper installation.